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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Early Christian Architecture of Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
This collection of photographs was initially based upon pictures taken during fieldwork in May-July 2013, with the addition of some material from earlier research trips. The information gathered at this time has been added to and expanded over the course of the project fieldwork, most notably during long periods spent in Georgia in 2016 and 2017. The aim of the resource is to make available a range of images of early Georgian churches in order to study their form, function and architectural evolution, as well as to act as a record of their state of preservation at this particular moment in time. The fashion for rebuilding ecclesiastical monuments post-Communism is currently a serious threat to the architectural heritage of Georgia and these images record sites that are so far untouched as well as others that have already been modified.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kindzmareuli
Description
An account of the resource
This small three church basilica follows the same pattern as elsewhere in Kakheti and was once at the centre of a (now lost) village. It is believed to date from the sixth or seventh centuries and has the same disposition on the north aisle as Dubi and Eniseli by having a pastophorion entered from the central nave at the east end of the aisle. However the shortened western section of this aisle terminates in a flat wall rather than an apse. On the south side the aisle terminates in an apse and, as at the Areshi large basilica, there is an open colonnade on this side. In this case there are two columns and three arches open to the outside. The north and south aisles were not built tied in to the central nave and, rather than interpreting this to mean that they were built later, it is more likely that this construction technique was intended to protect against the seismic activity in the region in late antiquity. Today the church stands in a small copse on a wooded island amidst the vineyards of the Kindzmareuli wine corporation, which is why it is referred to as Kindzmareuli church.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-08-19
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Basilica
C6th-C7th
Church
Georgia
Kakheti
Kindzmareuli
Three Church Basilica
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Early Christian Architecture of Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
This collection of photographs was initially based upon pictures taken during fieldwork in May-July 2013, with the addition of some material from earlier research trips. The information gathered at this time has been added to and expanded over the course of the project fieldwork, most notably during long periods spent in Georgia in 2016 and 2017. The aim of the resource is to make available a range of images of early Georgian churches in order to study their form, function and architectural evolution, as well as to act as a record of their state of preservation at this particular moment in time. The fashion for rebuilding ecclesiastical monuments post-Communism is currently a serious threat to the architectural heritage of Georgia and these images record sites that are so far untouched as well as others that have already been modified.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Nekresi
Description
An account of the resource
Nekresi is a complex of churches in the foothills of the Caucasus near the border with Dagestan. In the valley beneath, archaeologists have found the remains of a sun temple and it is popularly believed that the early Christians appropriated an earlier sacred site, possibly a Zoroastrian high place, in building a church in the C4th at this location. However this belief has been disproved by archaeological excavation which has found no evidence of pre-Christian occupation at the site and has redated the 'C4th' building to the C6th. This structure has entrances on the north, south and east sides and is open to the elements on all sides. It has an undercroft that was used for burials suggesting that this was possibly built as a funerary chapel. The complex also includes a C6th-C7th basilica, known in Georgia as a triple basilica as the narthex opens onto three aisles, but the south aisle does not communicate with the main body of the church and both the north and south aisles are semi-open to the elements with arched arcades to the north and south. There is also an C8th-C9th centrally-planned church that shows a strong Persian influence in its design. The rest of the monastery complex is medieval and a series of early Georgian inscriptions excavated nearby are displayed within them. Nekresi is also associated with one of the Thirteen (As)Syrian Fathers St. Abibos Nekreseli who was reputedly martyred for his resistance to Zoroastrianism.<br />As with Dolochopi and Dzveli Gavazi, a further visit to the site in the company of Professor Nodar Bakhtadze in August 2017 has led to discussion of the relative dating scheme applied to the "three church basilica" and the centrally-planned domed church and raised questions as to whether or not they were necessarily built that far apart in time. As with Dzveli Gavazi, the centrally-planned church at Nekresi is something of an anomaly given the ubiquity of the "three church basilica" type in Kakheti. In fact this church appears to be an experimental early version of a domed "three church basilica" as it has two apsed side aisles to the north and south of the central church. The northern aisle has a window to the east and is closed off, whereas the south aisle and the narthex in the west both have two arches and are open to the elements. The west and south arcades also have pilasters on the internal wall, as encountered at Areshi large basilica and Kindzmareuli. Inside the main part of the church the dome has windows to the east, south and west, but not on the north side. The dome itself is supported to the west by two squinches, whereas at the east there are what can only be referred to as 'proto-pendentives' - an arrangement also found in the later church of Khirsa Stepantsminda. There is also one other window placed in the apse. If this <span style="text-decoration: underline;">is</span> an early attempt at a domed basilica, then it is likely to pre-date c.630 and the building of Tsromi to the west in Shida Kartli. It also raises questions as to why two variant forms of centrally-planned church were being experimented with perhaps almost at the same time in the same vicinity. Moving on to the "three church basilica" it is a large example of this type and has open arcades of two arches on both the north and south sides. There is a door to the north aisle from the main nave, but a corresponding door on the south aisle seems to have been sealed centuries ago as medieval frescoes now cover the area where the door once stood. As at Shilda, the entire construction took place as one project and the north and south aisles are firmly tied to the central nave. In the sixth century mortuary chapel (referred to in Georgian as the <em>akeldama</em>) it is clear that this was intially tied to another structure in the sixth century - possibly the refectory - and the later intervening space between the ossuary trench and the other building only became used as a burial ground for wealthy patrons and their families in the middle ages. The <em>marani</em>/refectory complex extant today dates from the twelfth century, as do the cells and work area excavated to the north of the main complex. The tower is sixteenth century, as is the tower at Shilda.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-06-15
2016-08-22
2017-08-21
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
(As)Syrian Fathers
Architecture
Areshi
C12th
C16th
C4th
C6th-C7th
C8th-C9th
Centrally-Planned
Church
Dzveli Gavazi
Funerary Chapel
Georgia
Georgian
Georgian Inscription
Inscription
Kakheti
Khirsa
Kindzmareuli
Middle Ages
Nekresi
Shilda
Stepantsminda
Thirteen (As)Syrian Fathers
Three Church Basilica
Triple Basilica
Tsromi
Zoroastrian