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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jerusalem
Description
An account of the resource
The ancient city of Jerusalem is located at the heart of the Holy Land and lies in the Judean Hills with the Dead Sea to the East and the Mediterranean to the West in modern-day Israel. It has spiritual significance to followers of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. According to tradition, Jerusalem is where Solomon built his great temple, it is the place of Christ’s Passion and where the Prophet Muhammad visited on his Night Journey. Its history has long been (and unfortunately still is) a very turbulent one and its holy sites have long been fiercely fought over.
In terms of Jerusalem in the New Testament narratives, during the final week of His life Christ made His triumphal entry into the city upon an ass. Christ gathered together His Disciples for a Passover meal on Mount Zion at what is referred to as the Last Supper. The Garden of Gethsemane was the place Christ prayed whilst over-looking the holy city and where he was later arrested. He was tried before Pontius Pilate, Crucified on Golgotha and His body was entombed nearby. Following the Resurrection, He Ascended into Heaven from the Mount of Olives.
Pilgrims began to venerate these sites in the years immediately following His death. However, it was only by the fourth century and with the legalisation of the religion under the Emperor Constantine I that these holy sites were rediscovered. Constantine endowed churches built at the sites of the Crucifixion and Resurrection (the church of the Holy Sepulchre) and the site of the Ascension (the Eleona on the Mount of Olives). Vast numbers of pilgrims soon began to visit the city of Jerusalem to see, touch and venerate these holy sites. Whilst a great deal of the ancient city’s fabric is still extant, very little of its Late Antique history is visible to pilgrims and tourists today. Much of it lies beneath the modern city, which has sadly been built upon in recent years.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-08/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Cardo Maximus (Jerusalem's main thoroughfare)
Description
An account of the resource
The Cardo Maximus was the main thoroughfare of the Emperor Hadiran’s 2nd Century CE Aelia Capitolina. It was a wide, stone-paved and colonnaded road that led through the heart of the city from the north at the Damascus Gate to the south with an unknown end point.
The southern end of the road was excavated in the 1970s during the reconstruction of the city’s Jewish Quarter. Excavators uncovered a section of the road, now located below ground level and accessible for visitors to walk upon today. This section of road was dated to the Emperor Justinian’s rebuilding programme of the 6th Century CE to link the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to the newly constructed Nea Church. It should therefore be viewed as a later addition to the original Roman road as no evidence of an earlier pavement was excavated below.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-09
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Archaeological Site
Aelia Capitolina
Byzantine
Byzantine Road
C2nd
C6th
Cardo
Column
Excavation
Hadrian
Jerusalem
Justinian
Roman
Roman road
Stone
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Classical Archaeology in Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
These entries give information on Classical era sites that have been excavated in Eastern Georgia, specifically sites in and around Mtskheta, the city that was capital of the Kingdom of Kartli until it was moved to Tbilisi in the C6th CE. There is little evidence of Roman occupation in the region compared to the west of the country, but there were still Roman colonies present as far east as the territory of Mtskheta and ongoing excavations are slowly revealing more information of Roman-Kartvelian interaction in the first centuries CE.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Archaeology
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dzalisa
Description
An account of the resource
The archaeological remains at Dzalisa date to the C2nd CE and there is evidence that occupation continued into the middle ages with current research suggesting that the settlement was abandoned c. C8th CE. Whilst ancient writers did mention a Roman town this far east in Iberia, Dzalisa is the most significant Roman site found east of the Surami range of mountains and the site is probably the Zalissa mentioned by the writer Ptolemy (c.100- c.170 AD).
Today the archaeological remains cover a large area around the modern village of Dzalisa with excavations continuing every summer. It is estimated that the town covered 70 hectares in all and the reserve contains several excavated buildings, including a public bath, a swimming pool, a building with under-floor heating and part of a villa with mosaic flooring and what was probably a private bathing suite. The mosaics are only one of four examples of floor mosaic found on Georgian territory and the only one found east of the Surami mountain range.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Archaeological Site
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-05-17/2017-06-27
Archaeological Excavation
C2nd
C8th
Dzalisa
Georgia
Georgian National Museum
Iberia
Kartli
Mosaic
Ptolemy
Roman
Zalissa
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Palmyra
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Joshua Bryant
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Description
An account of the resource
Palmyra is the Roman name for the oasis city in central Syria that was called Tadmor by the Arabs. It was a major trading centre that reached its apogee in the first centuries AD before entering a decline as Roman-Sasanian hostilities disrupted the ancient trade routes on which the city depended for its prosperity. This decline continued during the Arab period and it was only in the C20th that the settlement expanded again. This was due to several factors; modern transport facilitating relatively easy access for tourists to the site's spectacular ruins and also the fact that a notorious prison for political dissidents was built besides the modern town of Tadmor and a large garrison of Syrian military personnel were accordingly based in the city. In May 2015 the site was overrun by the so-called Islamic State terrorist group and is now critically at risk.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Palmyra Agora
Description
An account of the resource
The agora of Palmyra was located to the south of the tetrapylon and dates to the late C2nd.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004-08-01/2004-08-31
2010-08-25
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
William Chappell
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Agora
Archaeology
Architecture
C2nd
Palmyra
Roman
Syria
Syrian Civil War
Tadmor
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-10/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Description
An account of the resource
At the time of Christ’s Crucifixion on Golgotha, the site was originally located outside the city walls of Jerusalem. However, new walls enclosed the holy site in the year 44 AD. In the second century, the written sources reveal that pilgrims venerated the site even though a temple dedicated to Aphrodite covered it. Legend states that the Empress Helena, the mother of Constantine I, rediscovered Golgotha, the True Cross and the Lord’s Tomb in 326 AD and the church of the Holy Sepulchre was soon built to commemorate it.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-10/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
Early sources reveal that Constantine’s church of the Holy Sepulchre was sumptuously decorated with fine marbled panels, columns and a coffered ceiling. A cross was set up on the rock of Golgotha to commemorate the exact site of the Crucifixion and was replaced over the following centuries with one decorated with gems, a golden cross and a simple wooden one in the seventh century. Christ’s tomb was in two parts: the first a porch that contained part of the stone that formed the door to the tomb and the second the tomb itself. It had a roof of silver and gold, outer walls made of marble and it was topped with a cross.
The modern church has been significantly modified and little of the Late Antique fabric has survived as much of it was rebuilt in the nineteenth and twentieth century following a fire and an earthquake that caused much damage.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Architecture
C12th
C19th-C20th
C2nd
C4th
Christ
Christian
Church
Constantine
Cross
Crucifixion
Crusades
Domed Basilica
Golgotha
Holy Sepulchre
Holy Site
Israel
Jerusalem
Joseph of Arimathea
Mosaic
Pilgrimage
Resurrection
St. Helena
Tomb
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-10/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Description
An account of the resource
At the time of Christ’s Crucifixion on Golgotha, the site was originally located outside the city walls of Jerusalem. However, new walls enclosed the holy site in the year 44 AD. In the second century, the written sources reveal that pilgrims venerated the site even though a temple dedicated to Aphrodite covered it. Legend states that the Empress Helena, the mother of Constantine I, rediscovered Golgotha, the True Cross and the Lord’s Tomb in 326 AD and the church of the Holy Sepulchre was soon built to commemorate it.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The external architecture of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-10/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The first church of the Holy Sepulchre built by the Emperor Constantine was dedicated in the year 328 AD. It was accessed off one of Jerusalem’s main thoroughfares, the Cardo. The entrance led to a narthex, the basilica, an atrium and culminated with the Anastasis (or Resurrection) Rotunda that surrounded the much smaller edifice of Christ’s Tomb. Unfortunately, very little of this church now remains. The Late Antique foundations exist below ground level of the current church and are cut off from public view. Throughout its history, the church has undergone many remodelling and rebuilding programmes, much of which was caused by its turbulent history during the Persian invasion in the seventh century and the Muslim conquest of the city in the eleventh century. Much of the visible external architecture dates to the Crusader period.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Architecture
C12th
C19th-C20th
C2nd
C4th
Christ
Christian
Church
Constantine
Crucifixion
Crusades
Domed Basilica
Golgotha
Holy Sepulchre
Holy Site
Israel
Jerusalem
Pilgrimage
Resurrection
St. Helena
Tomb
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bethlehem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
Bethlehem in the West Bank is situated roughly 8km to the south of Jerusalem. It is described in the Old Testament as the burial place of Rachel, the wife of Jacob and mother to two of his sons, who died a short distance from the town. It is believed to be the birthplace of King David, who was also anointed as the King of Israel by the Prophet Samuel there. Since the second century, a cave within the town has been venerated as the site of Christ’s birth. This site was enshrined by a church in the fourth century and has undergone numerous remodelling programmes throughout its history. Unfortunately the modern town has been extensively built upon and so very little evidence from the Late Antique period remains.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The town of Bethlehem is located to the south of Jerusalem in the West Bank. Since the second century, pilgrims have flocked to the site traditionally associated as the place of Christ’s birth, a cave to the east of the town. In the fourth century, Helena, the Emperor Constantine’s mother, supposedly rediscovered the cave and had her son build a church to commemorate it. This church featured an octagonal structure at the eastern end that was positioned directly over the cave of the Nativity. At the centre of this octagon was a wide, circular opening to allow pilgrims to glimpse at the holy site. It was badly damaged during a Samaritan revolt in 529 AD and was rebuilt by the Emperor Justinian in the mid-sixth century. Much of this church has survived and is largely what is seen today. There were later modifications during the time of the Crusades, largely with the fresco painting on the nave columns. It is thus considered the oldest church in use.
Bethlehem
C12th
C2nd
C4th
C6th
Cave
Christ
Christian
Church
Column
Constantine
Corinthian
Crusades
Fresco
Geometric Motif
Holy Site
Icon
Justinian
Mosaic
Nativity
Octagonal
Pilgrimage
St. Helena
West Bank
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Limestone Massif of North-Western Syria
Description
An account of the resource
An archive of photographs taken on the Limestone Massif 1997-1999. They provide a record of the late antique towns and villages that populated the region from the first century BC/AD and that reached their height in the fourth- to sixth-centuries before mysteriously declining from the first decade of the seventh century onwards.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Qatura
Description
An account of the resource
Qatura is one of the pre-Roman villages on Jebel Seman according to Tchalenko. It is notable for its C2nd monumental tombs of T. Flavius Iulianus and Aemilius Reginus (195).
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997-05-01/1997-05-31
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Architecture
C2nd
Jebel Seman
Limestone Massif
Qatura
Syria
Tomb
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The hinterland of Edessa
Description
An account of the resource
This collection of photographs was taken on the field trip to Edessa in November 2012. Whereas Edessa was an early and conspicuously Christian city, its hinterland was a patchwork of early Christian and resolutely Pagan religious practices. It is notable that at least one stubbornly pagan cult centre, Harran, then became an early supporter of Islam. These pictures are intended to contextualise the wider region around Edessa and shed light on its Syriac-speaking inhabitants.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Soǧmatar
Description
An account of the resource
Soǧmatar (also referred to as Sumatar Harabesi) was the centre of an ancient shrine to a deity known as Marilaha (Lord God). This is known from a number of C2nd AD Syriac inscriptions cut into the summit of a high rock outcrop. The approach to this ritual high place also had reliefs of the sun and moon gods cut into the rock. Nearby is a cave, referred to as the Pognon cave after the first European to record the site, with carved images of gods and a number of Syriac inscriptions that was obviously used for some kind of funerary or cult practice, A large circular building that shows some affinities with Zoroastrian 'towers of silence' completes the grouping of monuments, but the exact function of the last mentioned element has yet to be fully understood. What is clear is that this was not a permanently occupied town, but rather a holy place of pilgrimage where the faithful would gather for key festivals. These would be officiated at by priests, but whether these religious personages lived at Soǧmatar all the time or not is unclear.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012-11-14
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley and Peter Leeming
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Inscription
C2nd
Caves
Figure
Inscription
Marilaha
Sculpture
Soǧmatar
Sumatar Harabesi
Syriac
Syriac Inscription
Turkey