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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jerusalem
Description
An account of the resource
The ancient city of Jerusalem is located at the heart of the Holy Land and lies in the Judean Hills with the Dead Sea to the East and the Mediterranean to the West in modern-day Israel. It has spiritual significance to followers of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. According to tradition, Jerusalem is where Solomon built his great temple, it is the place of Christ’s Passion and where the Prophet Muhammad visited on his Night Journey. Its history has long been (and unfortunately still is) a very turbulent one and its holy sites have long been fiercely fought over.
In terms of Jerusalem in the New Testament narratives, during the final week of His life Christ made His triumphal entry into the city upon an ass. Christ gathered together His Disciples for a Passover meal on Mount Zion at what is referred to as the Last Supper. The Garden of Gethsemane was the place Christ prayed whilst over-looking the holy city and where he was later arrested. He was tried before Pontius Pilate, Crucified on Golgotha and His body was entombed nearby. Following the Resurrection, He Ascended into Heaven from the Mount of Olives.
Pilgrims began to venerate these sites in the years immediately following His death. However, it was only by the fourth century and with the legalisation of the religion under the Emperor Constantine I that these holy sites were rediscovered. Constantine endowed churches built at the sites of the Crucifixion and Resurrection (the church of the Holy Sepulchre) and the site of the Ascension (the Eleona on the Mount of Olives). Vast numbers of pilgrims soon began to visit the city of Jerusalem to see, touch and venerate these holy sites. Whilst a great deal of the ancient city’s fabric is still extant, very little of its Late Antique history is visible to pilgrims and tourists today. Much of it lies beneath the modern city, which has sadly been built upon in recent years.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
2014-10-08/2014-11-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Cardo Maximus (Jerusalem's main thoroughfare)
Description
An account of the resource
The Cardo Maximus was the main thoroughfare of the Emperor Hadiran’s 2nd Century CE Aelia Capitolina. It was a wide, stone-paved and colonnaded road that led through the heart of the city from the north at the Damascus Gate to the south with an unknown end point.
The southern end of the road was excavated in the 1970s during the reconstruction of the city’s Jewish Quarter. Excavators uncovered a section of the road, now located below ground level and accessible for visitors to walk upon today. This section of road was dated to the Emperor Justinian’s rebuilding programme of the 6th Century CE to link the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to the newly constructed Nea Church. It should therefore be viewed as a later addition to the original Roman road as no evidence of an earlier pavement was excavated below.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-09
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Archaeological Site
Aelia Capitolina
Byzantine
Byzantine Road
C2nd
C6th
Cardo
Column
Excavation
Hadrian
Jerusalem
Justinian
Roman
Roman road
Stone
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Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Zerzevan
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
A substantial fortified settlement atop a plateau above the main road from Mardin to Diyarbakir. In recent years archaeological excavation has been undertaken at the site.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-06-04
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Anastasius
C6th
Cistern
Defensive Network
Fortifications
Justinian
Late Antique
Turkey
-
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Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tsikusdziri/Petra
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The castle of Tsikusdziri is believed by many to be the fortified city of Petra, (not to be confused with Petra in Jordan) mentioned in late antique sources and built by the Byzantines. This identification seems to be because a better candidate has not been located. Tsikusdziri lacks the harbour a trading centre like Petra would have required. Nevertheless the association of Tsikusdziri with Petra is mostly accepted.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-05-25
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Defensive Network
Fortifications
Georgia
Georgian
Justinian
Procopius
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Halabiyeh/Zenobia
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Joshua Bryant
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010-08-01/2010-08-31
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant and Emma Loosley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The hill on which Halabiyeh's citadel rests is presumably the main reason for Halabiyeh's construction. The hill dominates the western bank of the Euphrates at the point where the river valley is significantly narrowed by the plateaus either side of the river. The towns' massive walls run down from the citadel to the riverbank effectively blocking passage along the western bank at this point.
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Defensive walls, Towers and town, Halabiyeh/Zenobia
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Anastasius
C5th-C6th
Church
Defensive Network
Justinian
Military Architecture
Procopius
Roman
Syria
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Citadel of Zalabiyeh on the Euphrates
Description
An account of the resource
The salvage excavation of the Byzantine/Early Islamic citadel of Zalabiyeh on the River Euphrates in Syria. This project was begun in 2010 as a salvage mission due to the risk to the site posed by the projected construction of a dam as part of a hydro-electricity scheme. The project has been mothballed since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011.<br /><br />The data published here are the records of that first season of fieldwork in 2010. This includes interim site reports for the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums (DGAM) and funding bodies, photographs of the site fortifications and images of the excavations. It also includes all pictures of the small finds that were recorded and stored in the Deir Ez Zor Museum and are now believed destroyed due to the presence of IS in the city as a consequence of the Syrian Civil War.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Joshua Bryant
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fortifications, Zalabiyeh
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010-08-01/2010-08-24
2010-08-04
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
William Chappell
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The fortification of Zalabiyeh is recorded by Procopius who attributes the building of the defences to Justinian's reign. As with much of Procopius' testimony this claim must not be accepted out of hand. The remains of the defences show evidence of at least two major phases of building. The oldest phase is composed of ashlar faced walls with a rubble and concrete core, the later phase is made up of ashlars throughout. The later phase appears to have been only present in some of the towers and is certainly part of a renovation of the defences where some of the older towers needing replacing. These two different wall building techniques are mirrored across the river at the fortifications of Halabiyeh, Zalabiyeh's sister site. I have proposed that the site was not originally fortified by Justinian but was rather repaired during his reign and had older origins, potentially during the reign of Anastasius.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Anastasius
Citadel
Defensive Network
Deir ez Zor
Euphrates
Fortifications
Fortress
Halabiyeh
Justinian
Late Antique
Procopius
Syria
Zalabiyeh
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Resafa
Description
An account of the resource
Resafa is the Arabic name for the late antique city in central Syria south of the Euphrates that was known as Sergiupolis. It is believed to be the place where the two Roman soldiers Sergius and Bacchus were martyred for their Christian beliefs, an event traditionally dated to 297. The images in this collection were taken in on three specific occasions. The majority of the pictures come from a field visit in 1997. In October 1998 thousands of Syrian and Lebanese Christians gathered at Resafa to celebrate the 1700th anniversary of the martyrdom of SS. Sergius and Bacchus (they knew that they were a year late....) and the second set of pictures records that event. Finally there are some images of the site taken in 2010.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Emma Loosley
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Emma Loosley
Joshua Bryant
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Resafa City Gates and Walls
Description
An account of the resource
The impressively preserved city walls of Resafa are the subject of some debate when regards to their age and to who's reign their construction can be credited to. Scholars seem to be split as to whether they were constructed in the reigns of the Emperor Anastasius (491-518 AD) or the Emperor Justinian (527-565 AD). Procopius' attributes the first stone wall to the reign of Justinian. However this cannot be wholly accepted as fact as Procopius' accounts are occasionally deliberately misleading and sometimes wholly inaccurate. The most well preserved and impressive of the gates still extant is the Sura Gate on the north side of the city.
Regardless of which reign they were constructed in the defences do seem to be Late Antique. The walls, their covered galleries, the towers and gates were well preserved when I visited in 2010. As a result of the civil war their current condition is hard to ascertain.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010-08-15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
William Chappell
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Anastasius
C4th-C5th
C5th-C6th
C6th-C7th
C7th-C8th
C8th-C9th
Defensive Network
Justinian
Late Antique
Procopius
Resafa
-
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Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hagia Sophia/Aya Sofya, Istanbul
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
Without doubt the greatest and most enduring legacy of the reign of the Emperor Justinian, the Basilica of Hagia Sophia (Divine Wisdom) is an engineering marvel and is testament to the ingenuity of the engineers who designed it.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
All rights reserved in the metadata and all media by the creator unless otherwise indicated
Basilica
C6th
Justinian
Mosque
Procopius
Turkey
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparative Graeco-Roman and Late Antique architecture of Western Anatolia
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of images taken of several important Graeco-Roman and Late Antique sites in Western Anatolia. Included so as to be comparative data when looking at the collections from the eastern reaches of the Romano-Byzantine Empire.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant, Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994-12-01/1994-12-31
2012-07-01/2012-08-31
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Emma Loosley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Church of the Virgin Mary, Ephesus
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012-07-01/2012-07-15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Description
An account of the resource
This building started life in the 2nd century AD as an important school of higher education known as a Museion. It was converted into a Christian Basilica in the 4th century AD and significantly modified and added to as part of the repurposing. This church was where the important Ecumenical Council of Ephesus was held in 431 AD. The church was further modified during the reign of Justinian.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Basilica
Church
Church Council
Ephesus
Justinian
Late Antique
Turkey
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparative Graeco-Roman and Late Antique architecture of Western Anatolia
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of images taken of several important Graeco-Roman and Late Antique sites in Western Anatolia. Included so as to be comparative data when looking at the collections from the eastern reaches of the Romano-Byzantine Empire.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant, Emma Loosley
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994-12-01/1994-12-31
2012-07-01/2012-08-31
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Emma Loosley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Architecture
A still image of architecture.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Basilica of St. John, Ephesus
Description
An account of the resource
Remains of the 6th century AD Basilica to St. John reportedly built upon the saints' tomb and commissioned by the Emperor Justinian. Attacks on Ephesus in the 7th and 8th centuries prompted the fortification of the area immediately surrounding the Basilica The basilica has been extensively excavated and restored since the 1920's.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joshua Bryant
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012-07-01/2012-07-15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joshua Bryant
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Basilica
Church
Ephesus
Justinian
Late Antique
Turkey
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bethlehem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
Bethlehem in the West Bank is situated roughly 8km to the south of Jerusalem. It is described in the Old Testament as the burial place of Rachel, the wife of Jacob and mother to two of his sons, who died a short distance from the town. It is believed to be the birthplace of King David, who was also anointed as the King of Israel by the Prophet Samuel there. Since the second century, a cave within the town has been venerated as the site of Christ’s birth. This site was enshrined by a church in the fourth century and has undergone numerous remodelling programmes throughout its history. Unfortunately the modern town has been extensively built upon and so very little evidence from the Late Antique period remains.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013-07-01/2013-08-08
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lucy O'Connor
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA International licence unless otherwise indicated
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Architecture
Description
An account of the resource
The town of Bethlehem is located to the south of Jerusalem in the West Bank. Since the second century, pilgrims have flocked to the site traditionally associated as the place of Christ’s birth, a cave to the east of the town. In the fourth century, Helena, the Emperor Constantine’s mother, supposedly rediscovered the cave and had her son build a church to commemorate it. This church featured an octagonal structure at the eastern end that was positioned directly over the cave of the Nativity. At the centre of this octagon was a wide, circular opening to allow pilgrims to glimpse at the holy site. It was badly damaged during a Samaritan revolt in 529 AD and was rebuilt by the Emperor Justinian in the mid-sixth century. Much of this church has survived and is largely what is seen today. There were later modifications during the time of the Crusades, largely with the fresco painting on the nave columns. It is thus considered the oldest church in use.
Bethlehem
C12th
C2nd
C4th
C6th
Cave
Christ
Christian
Church
Column
Constantine
Corinthian
Crusades
Fresco
Geometric Motif
Holy Site
Icon
Justinian
Mosaic
Nativity
Octagonal
Pilgrimage
St. Helena
West Bank